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	<title>Confidence Marking &#38; Degrees of Certitude</title>
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	<description>Confidence marking, esp. the use of degrees of certainty (or certitude degrees)  to improve metacognition</description>
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		<title>Confidence Marking &#38; Degrees of Certitude</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com</link>
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		<item>
		<title>Definition of metacognition</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/definition-of-metacognition-2/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/definition-of-metacognition-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 12:17:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metacognition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/?p=57</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A definition has appeared on the Merrian Webster&#8217;s Online Dictionary for metacognition. Metacognition is defined as &#8220;awareness or analysis of one&#8217;s own learning or thinking processes&#8221;. This definition is not accurate enough in my opinion. I would add to that definition the control and the monitoring described by Nelson and Narrens and the metacognitive regulation [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=57&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<item>
		<title>One way to use degrees of certitude</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/one-way-to-use-cbm/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/one-way-to-use-cbm/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Nov 2007 11:48:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[confidence marking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certainty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certitude]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evaluation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metacognition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reckoner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tariff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/one-way-to-use-cbm/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Reading Prof. Gardner-Medwin comments (here) it obviously appears that my point of view needed some clarification. The way I use degrees of certitude will be described in this post. It is only one way, not pretending to be the best, just my way. Since degrees of certitude (or degrees of certainty) do not influence the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=51&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://certainty.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/schedule_50.png" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Schedule</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://certainty.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/testweight_50.png" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Test weight</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Either you know or you don&#8217;t</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/either-you-know-or-you-dont/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/either-you-know-or-you-dont/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2007 17:12:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evaluation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metacognition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/either-you-know-or-you-dont/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If evaluation was limited to True or False test then knowledge will only be limited to two stages: does know or does not know, complete knowledge or total ignorance. There is a feeling that it should not be that simple. For instance what about those &#8220;tip of the tongue (TOT)&#8221; experience: knowledge or ignorance? On [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=48&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">4 zones</media:title>
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		<title>Definition of confidence</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/26/definition-of-confidence/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/26/definition-of-confidence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Oct 2007 07:40:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[confidence marking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[confidence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-confidence]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/26/definition-of-confidence/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Another word from the 14th century. As a noun it covers different meanings like:  a feeling or consciousness of one&#8217;s powers or of reliance on one&#8217;s circumstances; faith or belief that one will act in a right, proper, or effective way  a relation of trust or intimacy; reliance on another&#8217;s discretion; support especially in a legislative body the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=44&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Definition of certainty</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/25/certainty/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/25/certainty/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Oct 2007 08:44:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[degree of certainty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certitude]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/25/certainty/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction This is not a &#8220;new pedagogical&#8221; word. It has been used for a long time, 14th century. The word is coming from certain (13th century), from Latin certus, from past participle of cernere: to sift, discern, decide; akin to Greek krinein to separate, decide, judge. Its meaning is related to fixed, settled, dependable, reliable, known [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=41&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/710dcf7cf3498b1d53666fc051059ea4?s=96&#38;d=identicon&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Confidence weighting or Certainty Marking?</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/11/confidence-weighting-or-certainty-marking/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/11/confidence-weighting-or-certainty-marking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Oct 2007 16:08:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[confidence marking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certainty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metacognition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reckoner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tariff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/11/confidence-weighting-or-certainty-marking/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[or from confidence weighting to certainty-based marking In a previous post Robert Ebel&#8217;s definition of confidence weighting was presented: answers are associated with certainty of the answer correctness. Ebel uses weighting which in his definition is associated with a mode of scoring. Gardner-Medwin (see the post here) uses marking, which is related to words like [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=27&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/11/confidence-weighting-or-certainty-marking/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/710dcf7cf3498b1d53666fc051059ea4?s=96&#38;d=identicon&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://certainty.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/conf_mark.png" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Possible uses of degrees of certainty or confidence marking</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Definition of Certainty Marking</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/04/definition-of-confidencecertainty-marking/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/04/definition-of-confidencecertainty-marking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Oct 2007 15:23:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[confidence marking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certainty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evaluation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reckoner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tariff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/04/definition-of-confidencecertainty-marking/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[or From confidence marking to certainty marking.Tony Gardner-Mewin on his page at University College of London (UCL, LAPT page) mentions that: &#8221; The word &#8220;certainty&#8221; seems to carry much less baggage than &#8220;confidence&#8221;. The term &#8220;Confidence-based marking&#8221; has sometimes suggested to people that confident personalities are being rewarded. This is not so. Those who are [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=23&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/04/definition-of-confidencecertainty-marking/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://certainty.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/gmcfmarks.gif" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Gardner-Medwin mark scheme</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Definition of confidence weighting</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/definition-of-degrees-of-certainty/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/definition-of-degrees-of-certainty/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2007 12:03:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[confidence marking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certainty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evaluation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reckoner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tariff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/definition-of-degrees-of-certainty/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[or From confidence weighting to degree of certainty. Ebel (1965, Confidence weighting and test reliability. Journal of Educational Measurement, pages 49–57) defined confidence weighting as &#8221;a special mode of responding to objective test items, and special mode of scoring those responses. In general terms, the examinee is asked to indicate not only what he believes to [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=26&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/710dcf7cf3498b1d53666fc051059ea4?s=96&#38;d=identicon&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://certainty.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/conf_mark.png" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Possible uses of degrees of certainty or confidence marking</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Definition of metacognition, part 2</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/09/30/definition-of-metacognition-part-2/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/09/30/definition-of-metacognition-part-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Sep 2007 19:10:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[degree of certainty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metacognition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self evaluation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[knowledge]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/09/30/definition-of-metacognition-part-2/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It was said that the concept of metacognition entered the field of cognitive psychology in 1976 with John Flavell. It should be remembered that in 1975, Ann Brown wrote a paper about &#8220;Knowing, knowing about knowing, knowing how to know&#8220;. Flavell defined the word metacognition in quite general terms. Many have written new definitions trying [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=20&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/710dcf7cf3498b1d53666fc051059ea4?s=96&#38;d=identicon&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Definition of metacognition, part I</title>
		<link>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/09/17/definition-of-metacognition/</link>
		<comments>http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/09/17/definition-of-metacognition/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Sep 2007 21:13:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>jeanloupcastaigne</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[definition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metacognition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://certainty.wordpress.com/2007/09/17/definition-of-metacognition/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[J. H. Flavell (1976) invented the word &#8221;Metacognition&#8221;. He describes it in these words: &#8220;Metacognition refers to one&#8217;s knowledge concerning one&#8217;s own cognitive processes or anything related to them, e.g., the learning-relevant properties of information or data. For example, I am engaging in metacognition if I notice that I am having more trouble learning A [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=certainty.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1696548&amp;post=18&amp;subd=certainty&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Wolfie</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://certainty.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/flavel.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">JH Flavell</media:title>
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